Overview of Microbicides

What could a topical microbicide look like?

A topical microbicide could be formulated as a gel or cream; film; suppository; pre-loaded diaphragm or cervical cap; or sponge or vaginal ring releasing an active ingredient over time.

What are the necessary and ideal characteristics of a topical microbicide?

All microbicides must be safe, effective, affordable, accessible, acceptable, and stable. In addition, an ideal topical microbicide would be active against a range of sexually transmitted pathogens; available in both contraceptive and non-contraceptive formulations; and able to enhance normal vaginal ecology.

Would a microbicide protect against all sexually transmitted infections, including HIV?

Sexually transmitted infections are caused by a variety of viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens. A microbicide effective against one such pathogen would not necessarily protect against another. However, scientists are working on products effective against a range of pathogens. Some of the microbicide candidates currently in clinical trials are being tested for activity in preventing HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, syphilis, trichomoniasis, and other vaginal infections, including bacterial vaginosis.

More information about microbicides is available from the Alliance's Fact Sheets.